Have you ever wondered what the oldest Italian city is? Italy has a thousand-year story and has many cities with a very, very ancient history. Probably due to its history and importance, we usually tend to think of the capital Rome. Yet, despite its influence on the history of Italy and the entire Western world, actually Rome is not the oldest Italian city. Here is the list of the 12 oldest Italian cities.
Please note that determining the exact foundation years of ancient cities can be challenging due to varying historical sources and the continuous habitation and evolution of these cities over millennia. The foundation years for ancient cities might vary based on historical accounts, archaeological discoveries, and estimations, resulting in some discrepancies in dating.
Volterra (725 BC)
Atop a scenic hill in the heart of Tuscany, there is this enchanting city showcasing a captivating blend of ancient ruins, medieval charm, and Renaissance elegance. Volterra’s history dates back to the Etruscan civilization, making it one of Italy’s oldest continuously inhabited cities. Founded around the 8th century BC, the Etruscans established Velathri, as Volterra was known in antiquity, as a prominent city-state. The Etruscans left behind an impressive legacy, evident in the city’s archaeological treasures, including the well-preserved Porta all’Arco, an ancient gate.
With the Roman conquest in the 3rd century BC, Volterra flourished as a vital Roman municipality. The Romans integrated their architecture, infrastructure, and culture into the city, leaving enduring monuments such as the Roman Theater, an impressive amphitheater that echoes the city’s historical grandeur. Volterra thrived as a center for trade, artistry, and craftsmanship during the Roman era.
The Middle Ages witnessed Volterra’s ascent as a medieval stronghold. The city was fortified with imposing walls and towers, which still stand today and offer panoramic views of the picturesque Tuscan landscape. Volterra’s medieval alleys and squares exude a timeless charm, adorned with medieval palaces, churches, and artisan workshops. During the Renaissance, Volterra became a hub for artistic expression and craftsmanship. The city was adorned with magnificent artworks, sculptures, and architectural embellishments, attracting renowned artists and artisans. Notably, the works of the esteemed sculptor Andrea Bregno and other artists adorn Volterra’s churches and civic buildings, adding to its cultural richness.
Volterra’s distinct characteristics lie in its ability to preserve its ancient heritage while embracing contemporary vibrancy. The city’s historic center, enclosed within well-preserved walls, transports visitors back in time with its cobbled streets, quaint artisan shops, and centuries-old palaces. Volterra is also renowned for its alabaster craftsmanship, with artisans continuing the tradition of creating exquisite alabaster sculptures and artworks. Today, Volterra stands as a living museum of Italy’s diverse historical epochs and invites travelers to savor the timeless beauty of this enchanting Tuscan gem perched atop its historic hill.