Have you ever wondered what the oldest Italian city is? Italy has a thousand-year story and has many cities with a very, very ancient history. Probably due to its history and importance, we usually tend to think of the capital Rome. Yet, despite its influence on the history of Italy and the entire Western world, actually Rome is not the oldest Italian city. Here is the list of the 12 oldest Italian cities.
Please note that determining the exact foundation years of ancient cities can be challenging due to varying historical sources and the continuous habitation and evolution of these cities over millennia. The foundation years for ancient cities might vary based on historical accounts, archaeological discoveries, and estimations, resulting in some discrepancies in dating.
Taranto (706 BC)
The year 706-707 BC marked the establishment of Taras by Spartan colonists led by Phalanthus, drawn to the fertile lands and strategic location, which facilitated maritime trade and commerce. Renamed as Taranto in Italian, the city derived its name from the mythical son of Poseidon. This port city, situated on the Ionian Sea in the region of Apulia, has witnessed the passage of diverse civilizations, each leaving an indelible mark on its historical canvas. As part of Magna Graecia, Taranto thrived as a center of Greek culture and arts. It became renowned for its skilled artisans, philosophers, and athletes. The legacy of ancient Greek civilization is evident in the city’s archaeological sites, including the remnants of the Doric columns of the Temple of Poseidon and the ancient Acropolis.
With the rise of the Roman Empire, Taranto came under Roman rule in the 3rd century BC. The Romans expanded the city’s infrastructure, enhancing its connectivity through roads and aqueducts. Taranto continued to be an important regional center during the Roman era, contributing to trade and commerce in the Mediterranean. During the Byzantine era, Taranto witnessed a period of cultural transition. The Byzantines left their mark on the city’s governance, art, and architecture. Throughout the Middle Ages, Taranto endured periods of Norman, Angevin, and Aragonese dominion, contributing to its architectural and cultural diversity.
In the modern era, Taranto underwent industrialization, particularly in the 19th and 20th centuries, becoming a significant industrial center known for its steel production. However, this phase also brought environmental challenges due to industrial activities impacting the city and its surroundings.
Taranto boasts a blend of historical landmarks and cultural heritage. The Aragonese Castle, a fortress overlooking the Mar Piccolo, stands as a testament to the city’s medieval past. The old town’s narrow streets, churches, and squares exude an old-world charm that reflects Taranto’s historical significance. Taranto’s coastline along the Mar Grande and Mar Piccolo offers picturesque views and opportunities for maritime activities. The nearby natural reserves, such as the Riserva Naturale Orientata Stornara, provide habitats for diverse flora and fauna, attracting nature enthusiasts and birdwatchers.
